There is another option: forget the rich. Let them have what they have (though there would have to be a limit, for businesses and individuals, on hoarding money and, ideally, unproductive speculation in commodities, currency, and real estate would be banished — which should be done no matter what).

There would be no such thing as unemployment or poverty. Government (all government, from local to central) could be funded, at current levels of spending, without taxes/public debt. Sustainability would be increased systemically (because total output would be governed by demographics).

If curious: "Same Economy, Way Better Outcomes for Society;" (for primarily, economists) "Paradigm Shift." If that doesn’t go far enough for you, there is also “To Preserve What We Have, What We Have Must Be Enough” (all here in Medium, but not behind the paywall).