Thank you for some good alternative thinking. I thought you might be interested in a monetary model I have developed that extends that circularity model to the supply of money for the economy: “How to Transform the Society of any Nation (summarized in a ‘5 min read’)” here in Medium.

In this paradigm here is a continuous flood of money into the economy and, in place of taxation, a mechanism for returning money to its point of origin (which could be the existing central bank or a newly created Monetary Agency). That system would make the existing economy self-regulating while providing the means to eliminate also unemployment, poverty, and public debt and increasing sustainability.